Penerapan Hatchery Mini untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Pembibitan Ayam Kampung dan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Anak Panti

Tampe Tuah Malem Ginting; Aji Prabowo; Karina Silaen

doi:10.58266/jpmb.v5i1.1702

Authors

Tampe Tuah Malem Ginting Institut Bisnis dan Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Aji Prabowo Institut Bisnis dan Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Karina Silaen Institut Bisnis dan Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58266/jpmb.v5i1.1702

Keywords:

ayam kampung, Hatchery Mini, kemandirian pembibitan, pemberdayaan, teknologi tepat guna

Abstract

Ketergantungan terhadap pasokan day-old chick (DOC) dari luar menjadi salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan kegiatan produktif berbasis ayam kampung di Panti Asuhan St. Angela Deli Tua karena meningkatkan biaya pengadaan, menimbulkan ketidakpastian pasokan, dan membatasi keterlibatan anak panti pada tahap pembibitan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan menerapkan Hatchery Mini sebagai teknologi tepat guna untuk membangun kemandirian pembibitan ayam kampung sekaligus memperkuat keterampilan produktif, kapasitas kewirausahaan, dan fondasi pemberdayaan ekonomi anak panti. Program dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif dan learning by doing melalui pelatihan seleksi telur tetas, candling, pengaturan suhu dan kelembapan, sanitasi dan biosekuriti, penanganan DOC, brooding, pengoperasian Hatchery Mini, serta pencatatan produksi dan biaya. Evaluasi terhadap 15 peserta menunjukkan peningkatan rata-rata nilai pengetahuan dari 54,7 menjadi 83,3. Selama tiga siklus penetasan, 300 telur menghasilkan 188 DOC dengan fertilitas kumulatif 83,7%, daya tetas 74,9%, dan survival rate hingga umur 14 hari sebesar 94,1%. Penerapan sistem pencatatan menghasilkan estimasi HPP sebesar Rp6.250 per DOC, lebih rendah dibandingkan biaya pembelian DOC dari luar sebesar Rp8.000 per ekor, atau memberikan potensi efisiensi biaya sekitar 21,9%. Capaian ekonomi pada tahap ini terutama tercermin pada kemampuan peserta memahami biaya produksi, melakukan pencatatan usaha, dan menjalankan fungsi dasar unit pembibitan; karena itu, hasil program lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai pembentukan fondasi pemberdayaan ekonomi daripada peningkatan pendapatan yang telah terealisasi. Hatchery Mini dengan demikian tidak hanya menyediakan sarana pembibitan mandiri, tetapi juga membangun kapasitas teknis dan manajerial bagi pengembangan unit usaha ayam kampung yang lebih mandiri dan berkelanjutan.

References

Abbasi, I. A., Ashari, H., Ariffin, A. S., & Yusuf, I. (2023). Farm to Fork: Indigenous Chicken Value Chain Modelling Using System Dynamics Approach. Sustainability, 15(2), 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021402

Alo, E. T., Daramola, J. O., Wheto, M., & Oke, O. E. (2024). Impact of Broiler Breeder Hens’ Age and Egg Storage on Egg Quality, Embryonic Development, and Hatching Traits of FUNAAB-Alpha Chickens. Poultry Science, 103(3), 103313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103313

Amanuel, E., Amanuel, D., & Shanku, E. (2025). Production System, and Egg Quality of Village Chicken Reared under Traditional Management System in Angecha and Damboya Districts of Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Veterinary Research, 21, 287. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04734-8

Biesek, J., Wlazlak, S., & Adamski, M. (2023). The Biological Value of Hatching Eggs of Broiler Chicken in the Early-Mid Incubation Period Based on Physicochemical and Morphologic Features. Poultry Science, 102, 102689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102689

Bist, R. B., Bist, K., Poudel, S., Subedi, D., Yang, X., Paneru, B., Mani, S., Wang, D., & Chai, L. (2024). Sustainable Poultry Farming Practices: A Critical Review of Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Poultry Science, 103(12), 104295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104295

Buckel, A., Afakye, K., Koka, E., Price, C., Kabali, E., & Caudell, M. A. (2024). Understanding the Factors Influencing Biosecurity Adoption on Smallholder Poultry Farms in Ghana: A Qualitative Analysis Using the COM-B Model and Theoretical Domains Framework. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11, 1324233. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1324233

Castro, F. L. S., Chai, L., Arango, J., Owens, C. M., Smith, P. A., Reichelt, S., Dubois, C., & Menconi, A. (2023). Poultry Industry Paradigms: Connecting the Dots. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 32(1), 100310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2022.100310

Enahoro, D., Galie, A., Abukari, Y., Chiwanga, G. H., Kelly, T. R., Kahamba, J., Massawe, F. A., Mapunda, F., Jumba, H., Weber, C., & others. (2021). Strategies to Upgrade Animal Health Delivery in Village Poultry Systems: Perspectives of Stakeholders from Northern Ghana and Central Zones in Tanzania. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 611357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.611357

Fagrach, A., Fellahi, S., Challioui, M. K., Arbani, O., El Zirani, I., Kichou, F., & Bouslikhane, M. (2023). Backyard Poultry Flocks in Morocco: Demographic Characteristics, Husbandry Practices, and Disease and Biosecurity Management. Animals, 13(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13020202

Fathoni, M. Y., Alika, S., Aldo, D., Maulida, E., & Ramadhan, F. (2025). Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Berbasis IoT dan Panel Surya untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Penetasan Telur Ayam Kampung. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Pemberdayaan, Inovasi Dan Perubahan, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.59818/jpm.v5i5.2081

Fiorilla, E., & others. (2023). Productive Performances of Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds and Their Crosses with a Commercial Strain. Animals, 13(15), 2540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152540

Garsow, A. V, Kim, E. G., Colverson, K. E., Ilic, S., Kunyanga, C., Bainah, A., & Kowalcyk, B. B. (2022). A Review of the Roles of Men, Women, and Youth in Ensuring Food Safety in the Smallholder Poultry Value Chain in Kenya. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 1041472. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1041472

Grace, D., & others. (2024). The Public Health Importance and Management of Infectious Poultry Diseases in Smallholder Systems in Africa. Foods, 13(3), 411. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13030411

Hlatshwayo, S. I., Ojo, T. O., & Ngidi, M. S. C. (2023). Effect of Market Participation on the Food and Nutrition Security Status of the Rural Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1097465. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1097465

Idamokoro, E. M. (2023). The Relevance of Livestock Husbandry in the Context of Food Security: A Bibliometric Outlook of Research Studies from 1938 to 2020. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1204221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1204221

Iraqi, E., Hady, A. A., Elsayed, N., Khalil, H., El-Saadany, A., & El-Sabrout, K. (2024). Effect of Thermal Manipulation on Embryonic Development, Hatching Process, and Chick Quality under Heat-Stress Conditions. Poultry Science, 103(1), 103257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103257

Kettrukat, T., Grochowska, E., & Therkildsen, M. (2023). The Effect of Incubation Temperature on the Development of the Locomotory System and Welfare in Broiler Chickens: A Review. Livestock Science, 276, 105326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105326

Kosemani, B. S., Babalola, A. A., & Ilori, T. A. (2025). Development and Optimization of Small-Scale Inverter-Powered Incubator for Egg Hatchability System. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 10, 100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100137

Loengbudnark, W., Chankitisakul, V., Duangjinda, M., & Boonkum, W. (2024). Sustainable Growth through Thai Native Chicken Farming: Lessons from Rural Communities. Sustainability, 16(17), 7811. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177811

Melesse, M. B., Tirra, A. N., Homann-Kee Tui, S., Van Rooyen, A. F., & Hauser, M. (2023). Production Decisions and Food Security Outcomes of Smallholder’s Livestock Market Participation: Empirical Evidence from Zimbabwe. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1222509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1222509

Mseleku, C., Chimonyo, M., Slotow, R., Mhlongo, L. C., & Ngidi, M. S. C. (2023). Contribution of Village Chickens in Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems for Children along a Rural--Urban Gradient: A Systematic Review. Foods, 12(19), 3553. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12193553

Nontu, Y., Mbelebele, Z., Mdoda, L., Dumisa, B. M., Ndwandwe, N., Gidi, L. S., & Xaba, M. (2025). Determinants and Risk Mitigation in Livestock Management Practices among Smallholder Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1636417. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1636417

Nwobodo, C. E., Okoronkwo, D. J., Eze, R. I., Ozorngwu, A. M., Iwuchukwu, J. C., Azuka, V. C., & Udoye, C. E. (2023). Knowledge Capabilities for Sustainable Poultry Production in Sub-Sahara Africa: Lessons from Southeast Nigeria. Sustainability, 15(14), 11174. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411174

Ojo, R. O., Ajayi, A. O., Owolabi, H. A., Oyedele, L. O., & Akanbi, L. A. (2022). Internet of Things and Machine Learning Techniques in Poultry Health and Welfare Management: A Systematic Literature Review. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 200, 107266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107266

Okasha, H. M., & others. (2023). The Effect of Storage Periods and Short Periods of Incubation During Egg Storage on Embryonic Development and Hatching Traits. Tropical Animal Health and Production. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03547-x

Ouma, E. A., Kankya, C., Dione, M., Kelly, T., Enahoro, D., Chiwanga, G., Abukari, Y., Msoffe, P., Kayang, B. B., & Zhou, H. (2023). Poultry Health Constraints in Smallholder Village Poultry Systems in Northern Ghana and Central Tanzania. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1159331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1159331

Patel, S., & others. (2026). Flock Fortress: Biosecurity Practices by Backyard Poultry Farmers and the Impact of a Training Intervention. Frontiers in Animal Science, 1779152. https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2026.1779152

Priyashantha, H., Seresinhe, T., Pathirana, I., Gunawardana, G., Silva, G. L. L. P., Arachchi, A. E., Jayarathna, S., & Vidanarachchi, J. K. (2025). Livestock and Poultry Production in Sri Lanka: Challenges and Strategies for Climate-Resilient Food Security. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1645848. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1645848

Singh, M., Mollier, R. T., Paton, R. N., Pongener, N., Yadav, R., Singh, V., Katiyar, R., Kumar, R., Sonia, C., Bhatt, M., Babu, S., Rajkhowa, D. J., & Mishra, V. K. (2022). Backyard Poultry Farming with Improved Germplasm: Sustainable Food Production and Nutritional Security in Fragile Ecosystem. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 962268. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.962268

Singh, M., Patton, R. N., Mollier, R. T., Pongener, N., Yadav, R., Singh, V., Katiyar, R., Singh, G. D., & Deori, S. (2023). Indigenous Chicken Production System in Different Agro-Ecology of Indian Himalayan Region: Implication on Food and Economic Security. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1244413. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1244413

Tadele, A., Berhane, G., Esatu, W., & Wassie, T. (2023). Effect of Genotype on Hatchability, Growth, Morphometric and Carcass Traits of Chicken. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 11, 100531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100531

Tenza, T., Mhlongo, L. C., Ncobela, C. N., & Rani, Z. (2024). Village Chickens for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 2 in Resource-Poor Communities: A Literature Review. Agriculture, 14(8), 1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081264

Xaba, M., & others. (2026). ICT Adoption in Smallholder Poultry Farming: A Systematic Review of Benefits, Barriers and Gender Disparities Across Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainability, 18(4), 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18041788